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Genetické aspekty domestikačního znaku pukavosti lusku u hrachu
Smutná, Lenka
At the beginning, the plant domestication was probably a non-conscious process. Later, it changed to a targeted process, when the cultural crops were developed from wild species due to human activities. Some crops occurred as a weed of the first cultural species in the past and were selected for individual crops during the domestication. The very beginning of the domestication can be found in neolithic era, when humans chan- ged their way of life from picking & hunting to agriculture & shepherdy. Change of climate after the last ice age was probably one of the reasons. Wild plants as a whole differ from cultural crops in set of domestication characters. Domesticated crops have for example bigger fruits (tomato plant - Solanum lycopersicum L.), contain lower amount of toxic substances (solanine, potato - S. tuberosum L.), natural spreading of seeds and dormancy were inhibited (pea - Pisum L.) etc. Spontaneous releasing of seeds was a big issue already in the past, and is a big issue also now. Afford to avoid this behavior was exerted from the beginning of agriculture. Plants developed various mechanisms of seed spreading into their surroundings for the purposes of species preservation. Legumes developed explosive seed spreading. Shrinking pod valves exert tension on both junctions and once the critical force was reached, the pod suddenly opens. During this action, the pod orientation changes (the tip obliquely upwards) and the seeds are catapulted up to several meters into surroundings. The objective of this work was to narrow mapping interval of the pod shattering ge- ne (Dpo1) in pea (Pisum L.) and focus on evaluation of phenotype of recombinant in- bred lines (RILs). Several RILs formed by crossbreeding of contract parent genotypes of P. elatius were used Steven ex M. Bieb. JI64 × clutural pea P. sativum L. JI92 and reci- procal crossbreeding JI92 × JI64; P. elatius Steven ex M. Bieb. VIR320 × cultural pea P. sativum L. WL1238. Next objective was a comparison anatomical analysis of pod structure in the area of ventral and dorsal junction and endocarp structure.
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